MPs are diving into the risks and opportunities of digital identity in the UK, spurred by demands from Labour voices for a national program.
The Home Affairs Committee in the House of Commons is kicking off an inquiry into government-issued digital ID. This comes just as the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) gears up to launch its Gov.uk Wallet. This wallet, which will include a digital driving license, aims to help individuals prove their identity and make age-restricted purchases, like alcohol.
The committee will look beyond just digital IDs to also consider eVisas for immigration status and the increasing use of biometric identification methods, like fingerprints and facial recognition. Karen Bradley, the committee chair, highlighted the potential benefits, noting, “Digital ID could help the Home Office reduce crime and better manage immigration.” However, she also pointed out worries about privacy and the costs of implementing these systems effectively.
The committee is seeking written input on whether digital IDs should be mandatory. Recently, 42 Labour MPs signed an open letter urging the government to create a digital ID program. Earlier this month, a think tank called Labour Together introduced the idea of a mandatory national digital identity, which they termed “BritCard.” They believe it could significantly enhance efficiency and outcomes in public services.
These calls for a national digital ID echo former Prime Minister Tony Blair’s earlier efforts. His government tried to roll out a national ID card scheme, which faced backlash and was ultimately scrapped in 2010. The Gov.uk Wallet has raised concerns among private sector digital ID providers, who fear government competition could limit their market share. However, tech secretary Peter Kyle met with industry representatives last month and reassured them about working collaboratively, easing many worries.
Currently, the government operates a digital identity system known as Gov.uk One Login, which grants access to various online public services. Backed by over £330 million, it boasts more than six million users, yet it has faced serious security challenges. In May, reports surfaced about significant vulnerabilities found in external security tests of One Login. The Cabinet Office and the National Cyber Security Centre have also flagged major data protection and security shortcomings.
Public opinion on digital identity is mixed. A YouGov poll revealed that 34% support national identity cards, while 25% are strongly in favor. Conversely, a government consultation in 2023 found strong public concerns about data privacy related to digital ID. Meanwhile, a report from Juniper Research anticipates a massive 267% growth in digital identity app users in the UK, predicting that 25 million people will be using them by 2029. Importantly, the Data (Use and Access) Bill has passed through Parliament and is now awaiting royal assent. This legislation aims to facilitate the widespread adoption of digital identity tools supported by government data.